alex wrote:

At work, I recently moved from one computer to another. After I
reconfigured Outlook on my new computer (basically just accessing the
exchange server), I noticed that I lost many of my individual
settings; e.g., my signatures,

There are in %AppData%\Microsoft\SIgnatures

the recognition of people I've emailed
in the past (i.e., when I compose an email and start to type an
individual address, Outlook provides a list based on who I've emailed
in the past, etc.)

John answered this.

I've found several Outlook related files on the CPU, but cannot
determine which one may store this information.

Here's a good list: http://www.slipstick.com/config/backup.asp
--
Brian Tillman [MVP-Outlook]